Human Motivation Essay - 1847 Words

Human Motivation Most of us get up in the morning, go to school, university or work, and behave in ways that are predictably our own. We respond to our environment and the people in it with little thought about why we work hard, enjoy certain classes or find some recreational activities so much fun. Yet all these types of behaviour are motivated by something. Motivation refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager’s job is to channel motivation towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. [IMAGE] A simple model of human†¦show more content†¦Therefore, managers can use motivation theory such as Needs theory, Job Design and Reinforcement theory to help satisfy employee’s needs and simultaneously encourage higher performance. â€Å"Content Theories of Motivation: Human Needs Content theories emphasize the needs the motivate people. At any point in time, people have basic needs such as those for food, achievement or monetary reward. These needs translate into an internal drive that motivates specific behavior in an attempt to fulfil the needs. An individual’s needs are like a hidden catalogue of the things he or she wants and will work to get. To extent that managers understand worker needs, the organization’s reward system be designed to meet them priorities towards attainment of organizational goal. Two of most popular need hierarchies are Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy and Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory of motivation. â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory Perhaps the most famous content theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory proposes that humans are motivated by multiple needs and that these needs exist in a hierarchical order as illustrated at the following picture. Maslow identified five general types of motivating needs in order of ascendance: [IMAGE]Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Motivation843 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is a topic that is highly popular in modern media. Many medias such as television commercials use motivation as a selling point to most company’s. Human motivation is a strong topic used to sell products such as workout and dietary supplements.The concept of human motivation is the thought of how one can be motivated to do a specific task. People are motivated in many different ways, motivation can come from a drive to want to do something with a tenacious ideal. Motivation is not somethingRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Motivation Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesthe theory believes human behaviour can be predicted, as each person is driven by a set of needs, which the transactional leadership framework assumes to be money and simple rewards. Two main theories of human motivation have influenced the transactional framework: Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Douglas McGregor’s Theory X. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Psychologist Abraham Maslow first proposed his ideas around human needs in a 1943 paper â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. The paper discussesRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation1086 Words   |  5 PagesA Theory of Human Motivation Maslow (1943) sets out to provide a theory as to why we as individuals become motivated to satisfy our basic needs and seek to fulfill other needs once the previous ones have been satisfied. He developed a concept called the hierarchy of needs, which he uses to interpret the different levels of needs individuals acquire. This theory is of importance as it provides reasoning and structure for the fulfillment of our everyday needs. After describing the five needs, theRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Motivation2839 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Motivation is a force that causes employees to select and choose certain behaviors from the many alternatives open to them (Lawler, E Suttle 1972 , 281). It has been widely accepted that motivation is one of the primary drivers of behavior in work place. The theory of human motivation describes motivation as the effective and efficient laden anticipations of preferred situations that guide the behavior of humans towards these situations. There are various motivational theorists asRead MoreHuman Motivation and Mangement Skills1616 Words   |  6 Pagesdo, while others may view it as only as a mere way of survival. In an attempt to identify successful approaches to management, theorists and social psychologists have expounded theories on human motivation and skills. Social psychologist Douglas McGregor set forth two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960’s: Theory X and the Theory Y. McGregor promoted Theory Y as the basis of good management prac tice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely pawns in theRead MoreThe Motivation Of Human Resource Professionals947 Words   |  4 Pagesorder to get the best productivity out of any workforce as well as assist employees in achieving personal goals and potential, it is paramount that Human Resource professionals have a basic understanding of what motivates employees. The Hertzberg Motivation Theory Frederick Herzberg first published his motivational theory in his book, The Motivation to Work which was authored in 1959. His theory focus’s around the idea that â€Å"satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from differentRead MoreThe Ideas Of Human Motivation And Management Essay712 Words   |  3 Pages The ideas of human motivation and management have been divided into two contrasting theories: Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that employees are generally unmotivated, dislike work, and require constant supervision in order to maintain productivity. Theory Y describes those employees that are happy, motivated, creative, and can work with minimal supervisory guidance. In my current managerial position I do not have subordinates. I work within a management group that reports to an areaRead MoreThe Human Learning Discusses Motivation And Affect1457 Words   |  6 Pageshas some type of motivating factor that helps a person plan and move forward. Chapter 16 of Ormrod’s Human Learning discusses motivation and affect, which is described as an internal state that arouses a person to action, pushes a person in certain directions, and keeps an individual engaged (Ormrod, 2012). Motivation causes an affect, which is an emotion or feeling that is the result of motivation . It provides an individual to compete with him or herself as well as with others in and out of theRead MoreMotivation: Management and Human Nature Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesappropriate. According to our textbook, leadership styles can be influenced by one’s belief in motivation and human nature. I think the similarities between Knight and K lie in the facts that they both are passionate, disciplined, and extremely competent. Another main difference is the method they use to influence people. To correctly hire a promising leader, one has to understand the dominant type of motivation supported by the organizational culture, here being what the University felt appropriatelyRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation901 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Human Motivation begins with the explanation of the Basic Needs of behavior. He goes over how our basic needs are safety, love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. (Physiological needs tend to go along with the other four n eeds.) When it comes to craving violence, four of the above needs apply to the given behavior. Starting with physiological needs; they are those needs that include survival (sleep, food, air, and reproduction). Physiological needs are the demands we all need for human survival

Managing and Leading People

Question: Discuss about the Managing and Leading People. Answer: Introduction In the strategic HRM, it is considered that human resource management directly affects the performance of the employees and is critical in the changing the attitude of the employees. The basis of all the HRM activities and the strategies is that it is dependent upon social exchange theory. This theory states that when an organization does a favor, the recipient of the favor feels an obligation to return it. When this theory is applied to the strategic HRM, it is considered that the employees feel an obligation towards the organization when they consider that the organization values their contribution towards the organization (Meyer, 2016). The line managers are crucial in the human resource management of the business organization. They are critical in the management as they monitor the work performed by them and are the face of the management in front of the employees. The front line managers are also responsible for the human resource functions of the organization. The frontline manager aligns the operations of the employees with the objectives of the organization. They are primary in achieving the human resource objectives of the organization as they are significant in the monitoring and controlling the performance of the employee under them (Hayre, 2015). They play a crucial role in the implementation of the implementation of the HR strategies. The development of the HRM strategies is important for the growth of the organization; however, the implementation of these strategies is also crucial for the increasing the performance of the employees (Armstrong, 2010). The responsibility of the success of the HRM strategies is dependent upon the front line managers as they are important in the actual implementation of these strategies. The line managers role in motivating the staff is also crucial as they are the link between the manager and the employees. Although the front line manager is a management position, it is different from other management positions in several aspects. They have limited authority and their position involves direct contact with the employees (Ivancevich, 2001). As they have direct contact with the employees, they manage the performance of the employees, including enhancing the motivation and engagement towards the organization. In this regard, this report explains the meaning of the employee motivation, examines the models used for employee motivation and examines the role of line managers in the employee motivation and productivity. Emplyee Engagement Theories The employee engagement can be be defined as a workplace condition wherein the employees are committed to the goals and values of the organization. They are motivated to contribute to the success of organization. There are several theories of employee engagement and motivation. The self-determination theory of employee engagement is based on the motiavational theories. It states that the employees can achieve motivation through intrinsic or extrinsic means which is required for the self-determination of the employees (Meyer, Gagne, 2008). There are several theories which posits how to drive employee engagemet in the employees. The most popular theories state that the leadership is responsible for employe engagement. The full range leadership theory states hat transformational leadership is responsible for fostering employee engagement moning the employees. The transactional leaders identify the needs of the followers and increase their motivation by reward and management by exception. According to the full range leadership style, there are four aspects of leadership. It includes balancing of vulnerability by embracing and confronting them, understanding that the relationship between leaders and followers is based on commitment and compliance, leaders should identify with the followers and trust them. The good leaders should also pooses clear vision and manage different perspectives effectively (Byrne, 2014). Another model to increase the motivation of the emplooyees is increasing the emotional intelligence of the employees. The leaders with high emotional intelligence have positive relationship with the the employees. Emotional intelligence refers to interrelated skils which increases the interpersonal relationships and emotional regulation. It refers to the appraisal, perception and expression of emotions. Employee Motivation The employee motivation can be defined as the process of motivating or providing a cause or reason to a person. The motivation can result from providing rewards or other significant outcomes to the person when the task is accomplished. The work performance of an employee is dependent upon his ability, motivation and the organization support (Storey, 2007). However, several organizations miss to motivate the workforce which hinders their productivity. The motivation refers to the intrinsic desire of a person to complete the assigned task with dedication. However, the most important thing in it is the motivation or the desire of a person to complete the task. The motivation can be only achieved when a person is provided with a goal or aim. The performance of the employees is directly related to their motivation level; therefore, understanding motivation is important (Wilton, 2016). The employee motivation is the level of drive or the commitment of the employees towards their jobs. The employee motivation is a crucial aspect in the productivity and the efficiency of the organization. The business organizations with motivated workforce tend to achieve their organizations goals more efficiently and quickly (Ramlall, 2004). Therefore, the business organizations emphasizes on implementing different strategies to increase the employee motivation. There are several theories that suggest that the employee motivation can be increased by offering incentives or increasing the employee involvement in the organization. The lack of employee motivation can result in employee disinterest and discouragement with the well-being of the organization which can result in serious harm to the organization. The employees can be motivated by increasing transparent system wherein the employees can see their feedback directly (Dobre, 2013). When the workforce of an organization is motivat ed, the employees can become free from the day-to-day chores and management and think of the long-term development of the organization. The employee motivation also reduces the attrition rate of the organization and results in the retention of the motivated employees. Employees thrive to excel in a creative work environment which results in the organizations success (Mikkelsen, Jacobsen and Andersen, 2015). The motivation can be achieved through intrinsic motivation or the extrinsic motivation level. There are certain internal and the external factor which are significant in stimulating desire and the energy of the workforce. They enhance the commitment of the employees and motivate them to exert persistent efforts to attain the goals. The motivation results mainly from three factors such as intensity or the desire of a person, incentives or the reward value expectations from oneself or society. The motivation is a psychological process which gives purpose and direction to the employees, a direction so that they can behave in a specific manner to meet the goals and the objectives and the will to achieve the targets (Meyer, Becker and Vandenberghe, 2004). Employee Motivation Process Human resources are the core strength of a business organization. There are several core aspects in the workforce management such as employee engagement, culture and discipline. These factors are significant in the retention and the attraction of the best talent. If the employees are acknowledged and appreciated for their work, they work harder and do not consider switching their work organization. Therefore, employee motivation is important. It is effective strategy to increase the employee productivity; therefore, establishing a formal structure for the employee motivation is important. It is important that the employers actively engage with their current and the future employees to establish a strong employer brand. It can be achieved through establishing formal and informal communication channels an establishing a transparent communication network. In this regard, the companies can use social media or digital networks. It will also ensure that the company is presented as an attra ctive employer in front of potential workforce (Burke and Cooper, 2005). The employee motivation begins with identification of the work, commitment and the efforts of the employees. The workforce must be in an environment which best suits their emotional needs and provide them an aim to achieve further. There are certain needs of the employees at a psychological and the emotional level and addressing them can enhance the motivation level dramatically. The frontline or the supervisory management has certain levers at their disposal which can satisfy the intrinsic needs of the employees. The reward system which can actually value the good performance of the employees can increase the motivation level of the employees. The drive to excel in the performance can be achieved by promoting collaboration and the openness in the organization culture (DeCenzo, Robbins and Verhulst, 2016). The job design is another factor which can motivate the employees to achieve their targets. There are certain processes in the performance management such as justified allocation o f the resources and establishing a transparent and trustworthy culture which can promote the employee motivation at the workplace. The business management of an organization can learn from the real world examples of other companies to determine how to implement these levers in an effective manner. The major source of the employee motivation is monetary gains followed by the security of the job profile (Burke and Cooper, 2005). Soft and Hard Employee Motivation The motivation methods of an organization ranges can be soft or hard. The hard methods of the employee motivation include coercion, employee threats, and strict and tight work schedule and organization control. It establishes an environment of command and control for the organization. Another approach is the soft approach wherein the employees are provided supportive and flexible environment and in return it is expected that they will cooperate with the organization when asked. It is important that the organization implements the strategies according to the suitability of the approach to the organization. However, both of the approaches are not optimal when implemented in extreme. A tight strict work environment increases the hostility among the employees and reduces the overall productivity of the workforce. On the other hand, the implementation of the soft approach increases the desire for greater work reward in lieu of less performance outcomes. In the present times, the organizat ions have implemented the soft approach to increase the fulfillment of the employees with the organization. When the hard approach is implemented in an organization, the employees start to dislike their environment, avoid responsibilities and disassociate themselves with the goals and objectives of the organization. They establish a self-fulfilling attitude and resist change in the organization. It undermines the productivity of the organization (Meyer, 2016). Theories related to Employee Motivation Empoyee motivation is different from employee engagement. There are different methods of motivating employees. Different employees are motivated by different factors. Some people are motivated by the money and some are motivated by the power. Motivation is a psychological factor which determines the direction of a persons behavior, a persons level of efforts and persistence in times of difficulties. There are several motivation theories which provide insight upon how to motivate the employees and implement effective motivational strategies. All the motivation theories are complementary to each other and focus on different rewards or aspects of motivation. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs The Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a common motivational theories used by the business organizations. According to this theory, there are five basic needs of employees such as psychological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization. These needs constitute a hierarchy of needs wherein the most compelling or basic needs re at the bottom. When one need is satisfied, people move to satisfy the needs at the higher level of this hierarchy. According to this theory, a person moves to the next level only when the lowermost level of the hierarchy is satisfied. Besides, when this need is satisfied, it stops to work as a source of motivation. The needs at the higher levels of the hierarchal needs motivate behavior (Maslow, 2013). (Figure: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs) (Source: McLeod, 2016) Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory The Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory is another theory that discusses how to motivate employees. This theory is dependent upon two factors, namely, the outcomes which can result in high level of job satisfaction and the outcomes which can prevent people from getting dissatisfied. According to this theory, the people have two kinds of needs, namely, motivation needs and the hygiene needs. The hygiene needs refers to the extrinsic rewards or punishments associated with the specific set of behavior. It refers to the psychological factors or the mindset with which the work is performed due to the presence of the extrinsic motivational factors. The consequences of a specific set of behavior are the source of motivation not the work itself. In an organization setting, the hygiene needs of the employees are satisfied by pleasant and comfortable working conditions, pay, job security, harmonious relationships with the management and the colleagues. According to this theory, when the hygien e needs of the employees are not satisfied, the workers cannot become satisfied with their work. However, satisfying the hygiene needs of the employees does not guarantee high level of job satisfaction of the workforce. In order to achieve highly motivated workforce, the employer must address the motivation needs of the employees (Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman, 2011). The motivation needs of the employees are associated with the kind of job profile and the challenges associated with it. In this regard, the motivational factors are interesting work, growth and development within the job profile, accomplishment and achievement of the employees with the work. They are the intrinsic motivational factors of the organization. Therefore, when such conditions are provided to the employees, they perform for their own sake rather than for other rewards. An organization can intrinsically motivate the employees by providing growth opportunities for growth and achievement to the employees and to recognize the high performing employees of the organization. According to this theory, the employees can be motivated by intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors or both motivation factors. The implementation of these strategies is dependent upon the personal characteristics of the employees such as personality, attitude, values and the needs of the employees and the organ ization structure and the management (Hoffmann, 2007). Figure: Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Source: FLVS Motivation Group, 2009)s McClelland Theory The McClelland Theory is another theory which researched the role of three factors, namely, achievement, power and affiliation with the motivation of the employees. It states that all the employees are motivated by either of the three factors, achievement, power and the affiliation. The achievement of the employees is defined as the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks and excel oneself. Similarly, the affiliation is defined as the ability and the desire of a person to establish cordial relations and maintaining good interpersonal skills with the colleagues and other employees. The power is termed as desire of a person control or influences other persons surrounding him. Every person has all of three needs albeit to different extents. However, this theory differentiates different needs according to the emphasis given by each employee on different needs. Moreover, in a workplace, the extent of importance is given to the needs is dependent upon the position of the employee in the organization. Accordingly, a high need of power is shown by the personnel at the supervisory or frontline management. Contrastingly, a high need for affiliation is not shown by the employees in the senior management roles (Motana and Charnov, 2008; Miner, 2011). McLeods Needs THeory (Source: iEdunote, 2017) Job Characteristics Model Hackman and Oldman have presented job characteristic model which states that the major source of the employee motivation is the task itself. This model posits that the employer should design the job profile so that they are motivated by the job itself. The job profile of the employees should be designed so that they can achieve growth and the expected satisfaction from the job functions. In this regard, the companies use job enrichment and the job rotation to increase the variety and the challenge in the job profile (SCarpello, 2008). According to this theory, there are five factors which can motivate the employees, namely, skill variety, significance of the job, identity of the job, autonomous nature of the job and the feedback given to the job. These characteristics affect the attitude and the behavior of the employees at the workplace. According to this theory, the motivation of the employees is associated with the meaningfulness of the work, responsibility and the knowledge of th e outcomes (Petri and Govern, 2012). Role of Line Managers in the HR Representativeness The line managers have a fundamental role in the implementation of the human resource strategies in an organization. In a business organization, the line managers are provided with numerous HR related tasks. It includes the performance evaluation, performance management, employee motivation and recruitment. In small business organizations, there are no specialist HR professionals; however, in large business organizations there are HR specialists or even an HR department to oversee the operations related to the human resources in an organization. However, even in the presence of HR specialist or HR managers, the line managers play a crucial role in management of the day-to-day responsibilities and HR initiatives in an organization. Several times, it results in conflicts and tensions between the line managers and the HR managers. Both of them can have different opinion regarding the performance or the behavior of the employee. As the line manager is directly works above the employees, he is aware of the performance and the callibre of the employees. Moroever, the HR manager and the line manager can also have difference in opinion in the promotion and compensation of different employees. There are a large number of HR functions wherein the HR manager plays a crucial role, such as employee engagement, performance appraisals, employee discipline and performance related pays. The managerial or the leadership approach taken by the employer to supervise the team or the employees pays a crucial role in the employee engagement. The line managers are the creators of the team culture (Armstrong, 2006). Line Managers in Employee Motivation They are responsible for creating either positive and flexible work culture or negative atmosphere by focusing on the negative aspects of the employee performance. The HR managers scale or measure the level of the employee engagement with the organization whereas the line managers are responsible for executing them. They also manage the performance appraisal of the employees as they asses the performance of the employees and rate them. Although the HR professionals are responsible for the design of the appraisal process, the execution of the performance appraisal is dependent upon the employees. The employee feedback is provided in one-to-one meeting between the employee and the line manager. The employee appraisal process will lose its credibility, if the line managers appear disinterested and consider it as a formal process. Therefore, the line managers play a crucial role in the performance appraisal of the employees (Bohlander and Snell, 2010). As they represent the management to the frontline workers, they are also responsible for the employee motivation and discipline. In an organization, the discipline can only be set when the line managers clearly discusses his expectations with the team. The performance of the team can be supported by different policies and procedures developed by the HR department of the organization. Even though, the disciplinary rules and policies of an organization are developed by the HR department, their implementation is dependent upon the line manager and his enforcement technique (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005). Moreover, if an organization has performance-related pay structure, the line managers plays a crucial role in the employee motivation as his reports impacts the pay increases of an organization. The performance ratings of an employee are directly correlated with the pay increase of the employees. The intent that the performance-related scheme becomes successful in an organization can only be achieved with the cooperation of the line manager. They are responsible for the implementation of fair and objective performance related scheme. It is important that the line managers are provided training to ensure that they adopt a fair and impartial outlook toward the performance of the employees (CIPD, 2016). Responsibilities of Line Manager The pivotal role of the line manager is in increasing the productivity of the organization and helping the business deliver its goals and objectives. However, besides it, the line manages also need to meet the individual need of the people they manage. The line-manager has a wide set of responsibilities and which requires demonstration of wide skills of behavior and skills. The responsibilities of the line mangers include meeting the training and the development needs of the organization and also creating an environment beneficial for the retention of the employees. The poor level of relationships with the employees and low level of engagement is a significant factor in the reduced employee motivation. Positive relationships between the mangers and the workforce can be attained when the manager engages in frequent and direct communication with the employees. Positive relationships can be developed when the manager takes the role of mentor or coach. It requires the employee to examine the career needs of the employees and showing them the right path to achieve them (MacDonald, 2017). In most of the instances, the employees limit themselves by setting goals and objectives according to their comfort level and do not try to challenge or push themselves. However, the line managers play a crucial role in motivating the employees to achieve more, take him out of his comfort level and changing their perception relate to self-efficacy. The employees need someone to motivate them to push themselves hard and exceed the expectations set by themselves and their bosses. The line managers who implement motivational strategies to encourage the employees by appreciating the efforts demonstrated by the employees, communicating which adds to the positive environment of the organization and show that they have confidence in the capabilities of the leader can develop a team with high motivation and positive attitude. It is important that the mangers create a positive culture wherein the employees can freely express their ideas and are not afraid of the challenges demonstrated by the work profile. In the present times, the innovation and research are also significant in the organization success. The human resources are significant in the fostering innovation and research in an organization. Moreover, it is important that the line-managers establish a positive and flexible organization culture so that the employees do not shy away in demonstrating their ideas. It is universally acknowledged truth that the creative people function better in a free environment and where they presume that there is no possibility of negative comments simply because they perceive things differently. If the employees are not allowed to challenge or ask questions in a professional manner, their enthusiasm for the job can reduce. Moreover, it is important that while motivating the employees, the manager remains consistent in their statements and the actions. The managers can also increase the motivation of the employees by demonstrating confidence in his skills. Even when the employees are beyond their expected level, they should not stop there, but recognize the talent and reward the employees. Most of the employees try to work something which is fruitful and has a positive impact on the society and the work environment. However, without the right guidance, the daily work of the employees will seem mundane and they will remain unmotivated for the work (Wilton, 2016). Conclusion Employee motivation is a significant factor in the organizations success. The human resources are the critical strength of the organization and play a crucial role in the productivity and the efficiency of the organization. They are also significant in the innovation and product development of the organization. As a result, the business organizations have implemented a wide range of strategies to increase the employee motivation in an organization. Although the human resource department of an organization is responsible for the development of these strategies, the line managers play a crucial role in the execution of these strategies. They represent the higher management to the front line employees and their role requires high communication and interaction with the frontline workers. Therefore, they are also responsible for motivating them. The employee motivation can be defined as the process of providing a motive or intent to the employees. It can only be achieved when the employee s are provided with a goal or objective. The employee motivation is the drive or the commitment of the employees of the organization towards their work and the organization. When the workforce is motivated, the employees strive to achieve more than their stated objectives. There are several theories of the employee motivation such as Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory and Maslows hierarchy of needs. The Maslows hierarchy of needs is the most common model which represents the employee motivation strategies of the business organization. It starts that the employee motivation can be achieved by satisfying the basic needs of the human beings. In this model, the needs of the people are divided into different hierarchal categories and it states that a person moves to another level once he theneeds at the lower level are satisfied. In the Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory, the motivation factors are divided into two categories, namely, hygiene factors and the motivation needs. It is important that the organization satisfies the hygiene needs of the employees so that they do not remain dissatisfied and demotivated with their job. It includes organization culture, flexibility and infrastructure. On the other hand, in order to motivate the employees, the orga nizations have to identify the motivation needs of the employees and satisfy them. The line managers play a crucial role in the employee motivation as they implement the motivation strategies and conduct the performance management of the organization. You will have to add employee engagement from the outset when you are mentioning motivationmay be some theories and relevant models of employee engagement.. Whilst you are writing about the role of line manager, you must not forget about the tension, conflict, limitation between the two when managing HR activities, so you should have some part of your work that relates to this Once you have covered the general role of line manager in HR activities then look at their specific role in motivating and engaging people Have more headings and bring more illustration, figures. References Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrong's Essential Human Resource Management Practice: A Guide to People Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. and Baron, A. (2002). Strategic HRM: The Key to Improved Business Performance. CIPD Publishing. Bohlander, G.W., and Snell, S. (2010). Managing Human Resources. Cengage Learning. Burke, R.J. and Cooper, C.L. (2005). Reinventing Human Resource Management: Challenges and New Directions. Psychology Press. CIPD. (2016). The role of line managers in HR and LD. [Online.] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/fundamentals/people/hr/line-managers-factsheet [Accessed on: 16 March 2017]. DeCenzo, D. A. Robbins, S.P. and Verhulst, S. L. (2016). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, Binder Ready Version. John Wiley Sons. DEcenzo. (2009). Fundamentals Of Human Resource Management, 8Th Ed. John Wiley Sons. Dobre, O.I. (2013). Employee motivation and organizational performance. Journal of Management and Socio-Economic, (1). Hayre, A. (2015). Human Resource Management. Roles of Line-Managers and Stages of HR Planning. GRIN Verlag. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. B. and Snyderman, B.B. (2011). The Motivation to Work. Transaction Publishers. Hoffmann, S. (2007). Classical Motivation Theories - Similarities and Differences Between Them. GRIN Verlag. Hunter, I., Saunders, J. and Constance, S. (2016). HR Business Partners. CRC Press. Ivancevich. (2001). Human Resource Management 10E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, MacDonald, L. (2017). Responsibilities of the Line Managers in HR. Chron. [Online.] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/responsibilities-line-managers-hr-35205.html [Accessed on: 16 March 2017]. Marchington, M. and Wilkinson, A. (2005). Human Resource Management at Work: People Management and Development. CIPD Publishing. Maslow, A.H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Simon and Schuster. Meyer, J. P. (2016). Handbook of Employee Commitment. Edward Elgar Publishing. Meyer, J.P., Becker, T.E. and Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of applied psychology, 89(6), p.991. Mikkelsen, M.F., Jacobsen, C.B. and Andersen, L.B. (2015). Managing Employee Motivation: Exploring the Connections Between Managers Enforcement Actions, Employee Perceptions, and Employee Intrinsic Motivation. International Public Management Journal, pp.1-23. Miner, J.B. (2011). Organizational Behavior 6: Integrated Theory Development and the Role of the Unconscious. M.E. Sharpe. Motana, P.J. and Charnov, B.H. (2008). Management. Barron's Educational Series. O'Sullivan, K. (2007). Strategic Knowledge Management in Multinational Organizations. IGI Global. Petri, H.L. and Govern, J.M. (2012). Motivation: Theory, Research, and Application. Cengage Learning. Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(1/2), pp.52-63. SCarpello, V.G. (2008). The Handbook of Human Resource Management Education: Promoting an Effective and Efficient Curriculum. SAGE. Storey, J. (2007). Human Resource Management: A Critical Text. Cengage Learning EMEA. Wilton, N. (2016). An Introduction to Human Resource Management. SAGE. Meyer, J.P., Gagne, M. (2008). Employee Engagement From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1, 60-62. FLVS Motivation Group. (2009). February: Theories of Motivation. [Online.] Available at: https://flvsmotivation.pbworks.com/w/page/7154171/February%3A%C2%A0Theories%C2%A0of%C2%A0Motivation [Accessed on: 16 March 2017]. McLeod, S. (2016). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. [Online.] Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html [Accessed on: 16 March 2017]. Byrne, Z.S. (2014). Understanding Employee Engagement: Theory, Research, and Practice. Routledge.

The Forbidden Facts Regarding National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Exposed by an Old Pro

The Forbidden Facts Regarding National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Exposed by an Old Pro The Foolproof National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Strategy Even when there's nobody around to help you, there's a way out. As we use a great deal of unique substances in our everyday lives it's clearly likely to be of value to know something about them so that we are able to use them more effectively. The only means to reach your objective is to take little actions everyday. The knowledge may still be difficult to gain, but knowing you've mastered a troublesome subject is an incredible reward. Being a real leader might get you far. Being he is one of the many qualities that you should have to be in NJHS. Being he gives me the opportunity to work in a team and consider my peers' ideas to make our plans creative and enjoyable for everyone. Being a great leader means being a superb servant. You should be nominated by means of a faculty member at your school. In terms of e ffort, I be certain that you fill my schedule having the most rigorous classes I can deal with. It is very important to prove not only you have succeeded academically, but in addition you have challenged yourself academically. This club is critical since it is the very first dance club at my school. Being the previous year student at a college, you could think about your academic future. Nowadays you possess the chance to clearly show your potential and a strategy to attain success throughout long classes and studying at home. The teacher steps from the room for a moment as you are taking a test after school. Give a notion of how you want to use your array of skills to serve the NHS. There are different requirements. My academic qualifications prove that my dedication and individual qualities will go a ways in my general improvement. In this instance, the applicant should address all the demands of their membership. What Is So Fascinating About National Junior Honor Soci ety Essay Samples? In a bid to hook the reader's attention, the very first creative text ought to be the topic. All is possible if you'd like to obtain a paper since there are many essayA writing services where you find writers with perfect abilities and qualities who can assist. The general intention of academic writing is to present information as a way to display a crystal clear comprehension of a certain subject. Anyway, dealing with a tough assignment can turn into a real problem whenever you have little understanding of the subject. The Importance of National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples If your school doesn't have a chapter, encourage your principal to understand how to begin a chapter. Becoming accurate in the usage of vocabulary another major requirement for most academic papers. Students wanting to join the NJHS can complete an application determined by their regional chapter. A whole lot are shocked to learn their grades when they receive their papers. Act ive members have their distinctive story which makes them unique. I don't do any school clubs currently, but I'm a member of several organizations. They just need to demonstrate that they're worthly along with being responsible. Tell ways to influence the current world around. It is a means to meet new men and women, too. Understanding National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples You don't have to fret about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. An individual should provide services to those in need because it's the perfect action to do and it is really useful to people who need it. Financial need is going to be taken under consideration also. We're keen to meet the requirements of our customers. A well-written essay doesn't guarantee that you are going to be accepted into an organization, much is dependent on whether you fulfill the selection criteria. Those were the key parts of advice on how best to compose a national honor society essay effortlessly. Writing a national honor society essay all on your own, you can come to an issue of locating a draft to take a look at . Highlight your scholarship achievements in your essay. A specialist writer who's seasoned in writing NHS essays can assist with an outline, give advice, point you in the proper direction, or even compose the full essay below your guidelines. National honor society essay samples are available on the internet to help you in writing your very own original work. National Honor Society essay samples and tips will direct you in writing an excellent paper and upping your opportunity to impress the committee. Type of National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Your National Honor Society essay is a powerful tool which will enable you to grow to be a member of a very prestigious organization in the usa. Being inducted in the National Honor Society would not just be a privilege, but nevertheless, it would be an honor. The main aim of your National Honor Society essay is to reveal you from the ideal side and help you show that you're eligible to be a member of this authoritative organization. Mention other skills you might have achieved that m akes you unique from different students.

How to Write a Topic For a Paper

How to Write a Topic For a PaperYou've written a lot of papers, but you want to make sure that you are not giving a boring topic for a paper. Some topics will be boring and if your paper is boring, it will not get many responses from students. But there are also topics that can be quite interesting and therefore you want to make sure that your paper is interesting enough for students to want to read the paper.Some topics are good subjects to write about and they should be chosen carefully so that students will want to read the paper. It is important to choose a topic that is going to be interesting enough for them to want to read your paper.There are some topics that are really hard to write about because they have a different topic for a paper. Because of this, it is important to learn how to write a paper and it is also important to have the proper topic for a paper so that you know what the student wants.When writing a paper that has a different topic for a paper, it is important to write about things that are close to their interest. It is important to keep in mind that they will be reading the paper and they will want to know about the subject that they are interested in. So you want to make sure that you will get a response out of them.The easiest way to write an interesting topic for the paper is to make it seem like the topic is new. One way to do this is to use words that are unfamiliar. For example, if you use words like dog and cat, it will give the student a new topic for a paper and will make it seem more interesting for them to read your paper.Another way to make a different topic for a paper is to write about something that has nothing to do with your field of study. For example, if you are studying business, you may write about something that is related to business and if you write about a subject that is not related to your field of study, then it will make it seem like you are not writing about your field of study.This will make it seem like y ou are an expert in your field of study and this will make your students want to read your paper. So if you want to make sure that you are giving a topic for a paper that is really interesting, you want to make sure that you choose a topic that is related to your field of study. It is not necessary that you must use the same topic that you used when you were studying, but it is always good to use some kind of subject that is related to your field of study.Hopefully these tips will help you find an easy definition for your topic for a paper. Remember that your topic for the paper should be unique and it should be something that will grab the attention of your readers.

How to Write a Response Essay to a Video

How to Write a Response Essay to a VideoYour response essay to a video will always be a long way off from being the most engaging thing in your video. You want to find that balance between being able to write at a reasonable level, while also being able to give the right amount of information that people are looking for. If you are going to write an essay for a video, it is crucial that you make sure that it will not only get a great response from your audience, but also that you are going to be able to present it well. Let's look at some tips on how to write a response essay to a video.Your essay should only contain information that you will need in order to give the best possible review of your opinion on a topic. Even if you think that you know more about a topic than someone else, it is vital that you don't end up writing an essay that is a mixed bag of information that you have gathered over the years. You can't please everyone all the time. Also, the type of material that you a re writing an essay for is going to tell the audience what kind of a writer they will need to become if they are going to find what you have to say interesting.One mistake that people tend to make when they write their response essays to a video is that they start rambling and talking at a snail's pace. It is crucial that you spend a little more time on your response essay to a video. Try to keep the length at one hundred words or less. These are just small sentences and you can add some information to the end to make it work.Your essay will really pay off when you know exactly what you are going to talk about. Don't leave anything out. The more that you know about a topic, the better you will be able to communicate what you think is important.The last point that I want to make is that it is imperative that you consider your audience when you are writing your essay. People are not going to read an essay on something that they are interested in. They will either choose to turn it off , or they will laugh at the idea. You want to make sure that you know what kind of audience you are writing for and then you will be able to present your ideas in a way that you feel is going to be effective.It is important that you create a workable outline so that you can keep your mind off of things that you might find difficult to fit into your actual essay. If you have made a list of the points that you want to make in your essay, then you will be much more successful in writing your response essay to a video. In fact, you should come up with a set of facts that you want to include. For example, you may say something like:Finally, make sure that you research what is being discussed in the video so that you know what is important and what is not. If you do this, you will be much more likely to be able to write a response essay to a video that will be informative and enlightening.

Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay

Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis EssaySample Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay is really the right tool to help you in learning this course. This is the kind of manual that can help you understand this syllabus which is based on certain fundamentals and some brief explanations about the subject matter. Moreover, you will find these facts right from the manual.In this manual, you will find the fundamental details and explanations about the subject matter in the field of languages. You will find that you need to select the right vocabulary words from your sentences so that you will not have any problem in conveying the ideas and concepts that you want to convey to your readers. You will get help from the sample ap Lang and lit synthesis essay to do this task.The writer should consider a number of aspects before you select the right words for the Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay. Firstly, he should learn and prepare his mind before trying to write the paper. He must be very familiar with the spel ling of the language so that he can write the sentences without any difficulties. The sentences should be written accurately, so that the reader gets to comprehend the point that you want to make in the sentence.You should keep in mind that an idea or a concept has to be conveyed to the reader without any confusion. You should be able to focus on the concepts that you want to present to the reader. The final part of the Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay should be translated in English so that the reader understands the concepts that you have mentioned in the sentence.The language that you are going to write should be well written and should be placed in the right level of your paper. The English translation of the sentence should be perfect and it should be easily understandable by the readers. A good writer must be able to communicate the idea with the use of words in his paper.Besides, the meaning and the context of the sentences must be properly conveyed in English. This can be don e by writing the sentences with the help of the English grammar rules regarding the syntactic structures. The sentence must also have the best English construction and it must not contain the basic errors like missing pronouns, grammatical defects, missing conjunctions, and incorrect sentence terminations.The Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay can be graded based on the correct usage of correct English rules. It is not advisable to give a grade to your paper based on the grammatical rules but only based on the meaning of the sentence. Your paper must be judged based on the sentence construction, on the correctness of the meaning, and the overall clarity and the organization of the paper.You can also get help from the sample Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay when you are stuck with a word problem or a comma error. All you need to do is check the grammar guide included in the manual. You can also find plenty of tips, hints, and information in the manual as you work through the Ap Lang and Lit Synthesis Essay.

Themes in of Mice and Men free essay sample

Themes, Motifs Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Predatory Nature of Human Existence Of Mice and Men teaches a grim lesson about the nature of human existence. Nearly all of the characters, including George, Lennie, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of loneliness and isolation. Each desires the comfort of a friend, but will settle for the attentive ear of a stranger. Curley’s wife admits to Candy, Crooks, and Lennie that she is unhappily married, and Crooks tells Lennie that life is no good without a companion to turn to in times of confusion and need. The characters are rendered helpless by their isolation, and yet, even at their weakest, they seek to destroy those who are even weaker than they. Perhaps the most powerful example of this cruel tendency is when Crooks criticizes Lennie’s dream of the farm and his dependence on George. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Having just admitted his own vulnerabilities—he is a black man with a crooked back who longs for companionship—Crooks zeroes in on Lennie’s own weaknesses. In scenes such as this one, Steinbeck records a profound human truth: oppression does not come only from the hands of the strong or the powerful. Crooks seems at his strongest when he has nearly reduced Lennie to tears for fear that something bad has happened to George, just as Curley’s wife feels most powerful when she threatens to have Crooks lynched. The novella suggests that the most visible kind of strength—that used to oppress others—is itself born of weakness. Fraternity and the Idealized Male Friendship One of the reasons that the tragic end of George and Lennie’s friendship has such a profound impact is that one senses that the friends have, by the end of the novella, lost a dream larger than themselves. The farm on which George and Lennie plan to live—a place that no one ever reaches—has a magnetic quality, as Crooks points out. After hearing a description of only a few sentences, Candy is completely drawn in by its magic. Crooks has witnessed countless men fall under the same silly spell, and still he cannot help but ask Lennie if he can have a patch of garden to hoe there. The men in Of Mice and Men desire to come together in a way that would allow them to be like brothers to one another. That is, they want to live with one another’s best interests in mind, to protect each other, and to know that there is someone in the world dedicated to protecting them. Given the harsh, lonely conditions under which these men live, it should come as no surprise that they idealize friendships between men in such a way. Ultimately, however, the world is too harsh and predatory a place to sustain such relationships. Lennie and George, who come closest to achieving this ideal of brotherhood, are forced to separate tragically. With this, a rare friendship vanishes, but the rest of the world—represented by Curley and Carlson, who watch George stumble away with grief from his friend’s dead body—fails to acknowledge or appreciate it. The Impossibility of the American Dream Most of the characters in Of Mice and Men admit, at one point or another, to dreaming of a different life. Before her death, Curley’s wife confesses her desire to be a movie star. Crooks, bitter as he is, allows himself the pleasant fantasy of hoeing a patch of garden on Lennie’s farm one day, and Candy latches on desperately to George’s vision of owning a couple of acres. Before the action of the story begins, circumstances have robbed most of the characters of these wishes. Curley’s wife, for instance, has resigned herself to an unfulfilling marriage. What makes all of these dreams typically American is that the dreamers wish for untarnished happiness, for the freedom to follow their own desires. George and Lennie’s dream of owning a farm, which would enable them to sustain themselves, and, most important, offer them protection from an inhospitable world, represents a prototypically American ideal. Their journey, which awakens George to the impossibility of this dream, sadly proves that the bitter Crooks is right: such paradises of freedom, contentment, and safety are not to be found in this world. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes. The Corrupting Power of Women The portrayal of women in Of Mice and Men is limited and unflattering. We learn early on that Lennie and George are on the run from the previous ranch where they worked, due to encountering trouble there with a woman. Misunderstanding Lennie’s love of soft things, a woman accused him of rape for touching her dress. George berates Lennie for his behavior, but is convinced that women are always the cause of such trouble. Their enticing sexuality, he believes, tempts men to behave in ways they would otherwise not. A visit to the â€Å"flophouse† (a cheap hotel, or brothel) is enough of women for George, and he has no desire for a female companion or wife. Curley’s wife, the only woman to appear in Of Mice and Men, seems initially to support George’s view of marriage. Dissatisfied with her marriage to a brutish man and bored with life on the ranch, she is constantly looking for excitement or trouble. In one of her more revealing moments, she threatens to have the black stable-hand lynched if he complains about her to the boss. Her insistence on flirting with Lennie seals her unfortunate fate. Although Steinbeck does, finally, offer a sympathetic view of Curley’s wife by allowing her to voice her unhappiness and her own dream for a better life, women have no place in the author’s idealized vision of a world structured around the brotherly bonds of men. Loneliness and Companionship Many of the characters admit to suffering from profound loneliness. George sets the tone for these confessions early in the novella when he reminds Lennie that the life of a ranch-hand is among the loneliest of lives. Men like George who migrate from farm to farm rarely have anyone to look to for companionship and protection. As the story develops, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife all confess their deep loneliness. The fact that they admit to complete strangers their fear of being cast off shows their desperation. In a world without friends to confide in, strangers will have to do. Each of these characters searches for a friend, someone to help them measure the world, as Crooks says. In the end, however, companionship of his kind seems unattainable. For George, the hope of such companionship dies with Lennie, and true to his original estimation, he will go through life alone. Of Mice and Men offers limited, rather misogynistic, descriptions of women who are either dead maternal figures or prostitutes. Despite Steinbeck’s rendering, Curley’s wife emerges as a relatively complex and interesting character. Although her purpose is rather simple in the book’s opening pages—she is the â€Å"tramp,† â€Å"tart,† and â€Å"bitch† that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity—her appearances later in the novella become more complex. When she confronts Lennie, Candy, and Crooks in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later—when she admits to Lennie her dream of becoming a movie star—makes her utterly human and much more interesting than the stereotypical vixen in fancy red shoes. However, it also reinforces the novella’s grim worldview. In her moment of greatest vulnerability, Curley’s wife seeks out even greater weaknesses in others, preying upon Lennie’s mental handicap, Candy’s debilitating age, and the color of Crooks’s skin in order to steel herself against harm. Steinbeck does not give her a name because he wants to reflect her complete lack of individual indentity. Curleys wifes dream of becoming a movie star dies when she marries Curley. I think that you can see this symbolized in the fact that she is never even given a name in this book. That shows, to me, that she has essentially had who she is taken away by marrying Curley. If you think about it, now that shes married to Curley, what chance has she got of ever becoming anything? In those days, women didnt have a lot of opportunities once they married and Curley is even less likely than most men to ever let his wife get any independence. As jealous as he is, he would never let his wife become anything. Curleys Wife is trapped. She is locked into a rural social structure of the 1930s California farm life, and by the common stereotypes and social views of women and their role at that time. She is certainly portrayed as disadvantaged for her choice of husbands, as Curley is both abusive and unloving. Steinbeck also takes care to portray her as a character who is consumed by loneliness and hopelessness. She has dreamsgoing to Hollywood to be in the movieswhich will never come true. She wants things as simple as someone to talk to, but has a husband with a personality that is half anger and half jealousy. She is just one of several sympathetic characters in this novel.